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| Revenue from Contract with Customer | Revenue from Contracts with Customers On April 1, 2018, we adopted Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” ("ASC Topic 606") using the modified retrospective method and applying ASC Topic 606 to all revenue contracts with customers which were not completed as of the date of adoption. Results for reporting periods beginning after April 1, 2018 are presented under ASC Topic 606. In accordance with the modified retrospective approach, prior period amounts were not adjusted and are reported under Accounting Standards Codification Topic 605, “Revenue Recognition” (“ASC Topic 605”). As a result of the adoption, the cumulative impact to our retained earnings at April 1, 2018 was immaterial. Additionally, revenues recognized under ASC Topic 606 in the interim period and YTD period did not materially differ from revenues that would have been recorded under ASC Topic 605. We expect the impact of the adoption of the new standard to continue to be immaterial to revenues and net income on an ongoing basis.
For purposes of calculating the cumulative transition adjustment the amended guidance has been applied to all contracts at the initial application date.
The core principle of the new standard is to recognize revenue that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive for goods or services when or as the promised goods or services are transferred to customers. ASC Topic 606 requires more judgment than previous guidance, as management will need to consider the terms of the contract and all relevant facts and circumstances when applying the revenue recognition standard. Management performs the following five steps when applying the revenue recognition standard: (i) identify each contract with customers, (ii) identify each performance obligation in the contracts with customers, (iii) estimate the transaction price (including any variable consideration), (iv) allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation and (v) recognize revenue as each performance obligation is satisfied.
Description of product and service offerings and revenue recognition policies
We principally provide a (i) suite of products (heating units, heating cables, tubing bundles and control systems) and (ii) services including design optimization, engineering, installation and maintenance services required to deliver
comprehensive solutions to complex projects. The performance obligations associated with our products sales are generally recognized at a point in time. Where products and services are provided together under a time and materials contract, the performance obligations are satisfied over time. We also provide fixed-fee turnkey solutions consisting of products and services under which the related performance obligations are satisfied over time.
In addition, we offer temporary power products that are designed to provide a safe and efficient means of supplying temporary electrical power distribution and lighting at energy infrastructure facilities for new construction and during maintenance and turnaround projects at operating facilities. Revenues associated with the rental of the temporary power products have historically been less than 5% of our total revenues are recognized under ASC Topic 842, "Leases".
Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to our customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to receive in exchange for transferring such goods or providing such services. We account for a contract when a customer provides us with a firm purchase order or other contract that identifies the goods or services to be provided, the payment terms for those services, and when collectability of the consideration due is probable. Generally, our payment terms do not exceed 30 days.
Performance obligations
A performance obligation is a promise to provide the customer with a good or service. At contract inception, the Company will assess the goods or services promised in the contract with a customer and shall identify as a performance obligation each promise to transfer to the customer either: (i) a good or service (or a bundle of goods or services) or (ii) a series of distinct goods or services that are substantially the same and that have the same pattern of transfer to the customer. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, standalone selling price is generally readily observable.
Revenue from products transferred to customers at a point in time is recognized when obligations under the terms of the contract with our customer are satisfied; generally this occurs with the transfer of control upon shipment. Revenue from products transferred to customers at a point in time accounted for approximately 56.1% and 64.0% of our revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Our revenues that are recognized over time include (i) products and services which are billed on a time and materials basis, and (ii) fixed fee contracts for complex turnkey solutions. Revenue from products and services transferred to customers over time accounted for approximately 43.9% and 36.0% of our revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
For our time and materials service contracts, we recognize revenues as the products and services are provided over the term of the contract and have determined that the stated rate for installation services and products is representative of the stand-alone selling price for those services and products.
Our turnkey projects, or fixed fee projects, offer our customers a comprehensive solution for heat tracing from the initial planning stage through engineering/design, commissioning, manufacture, installation and final proof-of-performance and acceptance testing. Turnkey services also include project planning, product supply, system integration, commissioning and on-going maintenance. Turnkey solutions, containing multiple deliverables, are customer specific and do not have an alternative use and present an unconditional right to payment, and thus are treated as a single performance obligation with revenues recognized over time as work progresses.
For revenue recognized under fixed fee turnkey contracts, we measure the costs incurred that contribute towards the satisfaction of our performance obligation as a percentage of the total estimated cost of production (the “cost-to-cost method”), and we recognize a proportionate amount of contract revenue, as the cost-to-cost method appropriately depicts performance towards satisfaction of the performance obligation. Changes to the original cost estimates may be required during the life of the contract and such estimates are reviewed on a regular basis. Sales and gross profits are adjusted using the cumulative catch-up method for revisions in estimated contract costs. Reviews of estimates have not resulted in significant adjustments to our results of operations.
At June 30, 2019, revenues associated with our open performance obligations totaled $111,479, representing our combined backlog and deferred revenue. Within this amount, approximately $13,562 will be earned as revenue in excess of one year. We expect to recognize the remaining revenues associated with unsatisfied or partially satisfied performance obligations within 12 months.
Pricing and sales incentives
Pricing is established at or prior to the time of sale with our customers and we record sales at the agreed-upon net selling price. Generally, we do not enter into sales contracts with customers that offer sales discounts or incentives.
Optional exemptions, practical expedients and policy elections
We expense incremental costs of obtaining a contract when incurred because the amortization period would be less than one year.
The Company has elected to treat shipping and handling activities as a cost of fulfillment rather than a separate performance obligation.
The Company has elected to exclude all sales and other similar taxes from the transaction price. Accordingly, the Company presents all collections from customers for sales and other similar taxes on a net basis, rather than having to assess whether the Company is acting as an agent or a principal in each taxing jurisdiction.
The Company adopted ASC Topic 606 as of April 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method for all contracts not completed as of the date of adoption. For contracts that were modified before the effective date, the Company utilized the practical expedient to consider the aggregate effect of all modifications when identifying performance obligations and allocating transaction price.
Contract Assets and Liabilities
Contract assets and liabilities are presented on our condensed consolidated balance sheet. Contract assets consist of unbilled amounts resulting from sales under long-term contracts when the cost-to-cost method of revenue recognition is utilized and revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer. In addition, contract assets contain labor and material costs incurred under our time and material service contracts that have not been billed to the customer. Contract liabilities represent deferred revenue from advanced customer payments or billings in excess of costs incurred or revenue earned. The Company invoices customers pursuant to the terms of the related contract. Invoiced amounts are applied to individual contracts and an associated amount is either classified as a contract asset or contract liability depending on whether the revenue associated with the amounts billed had been earned (contract asset) or not (contract liability).
As of June 30, 2019 and March 31, 2019, contract assets were $23,646 and $26,454, respectively. The $2,808 decrease in contract assets from March 31, 2019 to June 30, 2019 was primarily the result of an increase in billings to customers under our long-term contracts within our United States and Latin America segment. There were no impairment losses recognized on our contract assets for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018. As of June 30, 2019 and March 31, 2019, contract liabilities were $6,344 and $6,814, respectively. The majority of contract liabilities at March 31, 2019 was recognized in revenue as of June 30, 2019.
Disaggregation of Revenue
We disaggregate our revenue from contracts with customers by geographic location, revenues recognized at point in time and revenues recognized over time as we believe these best depict how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of our revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.
Disaggregation of revenues from contracts with customers for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:
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